Solid waste management is considered a headache for urban activity, though scientific methods and supporting literature are available. There are potential risks to environment and health due to improper handling of solid waste. In most of the cities, 50% of total budget is wasted on solid waste management activity, and least weightage is given to waste treatment option. In most of the Indian cities, a portion of the organic waste is very high as there is no segregation practice. According to the Municipal Solid Waste 2000 Rule, segregation of waste is compulsory, but still a truthful result is not achieved. In developing countries, the time between generation and collection of waste is high which leads to very high growth of microorganism. From the various roots, these microbial contamination gets entry into human body and creates serious health problems. The present work is an attempt to estimate the actinomycetes level from municipal solid waste. A number of diseases like lung abscesses, appendicitis and actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) are reported due to high level of actinomycetes. Actinomycetes concentration was found in the experimental work and was in the range of 1.18 102 – 2.40 104 cfu/g.

Municipal solid waste management creates serious problem in many cities and countries. In low and middle income countries, only 30% to 60% of the waste is collected. Uncollected waste accumulates near home and dumping container. City-dwellers and domestic animals have direct contact with wastes. In developing countries, collection and efficiency of solid waste are poor (only 30-50%), and out of this, only a fraction of waste is disposed of in scientific method (Gupta, 2006). The improper management of collection and disposal of wastes represents a source of water, land and air pollution, which poses serious risk to human health and the environment. Over the next decades, globalization, rapid urbanization and economic growth in the developing world will deteriorate the situation more. Cities spend maximum budget and resources to improve solid waste management system. Pathogens survive in solid waste according to their natural tendency towards overall moisture content and temperature of the waste deposit. In Municipal Solid Waste 2000 Rule, it is mandatory to segregate the waste (dry waste and wet waste) or organic and inorganic in nature, as a source itself. But in India, result on segregated waste is rarely 1-2%. Only a few cities can be named where they have implemented strict segregation practice as a source itself. This leads to the growth of microorganisms. The time between generation and collection of waste also plays a vital role for the growth of microorganism. From the various routes, microbial contamination get entry into human body and creates various health problems. The present work is an attempt to estimate analysis of actinomycetes which is considered as endotoxin from municipal solid waste. Diseases like abscess, appendicitis and lumpyjaw (actinomycosis) are reported due to high level of actinomycetes (Selman, 1950). There is no internationally accepted standard for exposure of endotoxin, which makes serious problem for workers working at different stages of solid waste management activity (Sigsgaard et al., 1994).

Life Sciences Journal, Milk Production Systems in Bure District, Amhara National Regional State, Milk Development, Marketing Systems, Agricultural Products, Feeding Systems, Calf Rearing, Milk Feeding, Bucket Feeding, Partial Suckling, Dietary Treatments, Veterinary Services.