Advertisements are the most powerful means for communicating the marketing message to the target audience. The presence of likeable attributes in ads has profound effect on the mindset of the audience and results in creating a positive image about the ads and consequently, the brands. This article focuses on understanding and using likeability in television commercials.

The privatization of the public transport system has been consistently working well in certain areas. However, it has not worked well in big cities where there is a lot of traffic and congestion on roads. The basic idea behind privatization of public transport is to bring convenience to the public in terms of efficient transport service at any time of the day. However, for the owners of these public transports it only means revenue. If the revenue does not meet their expectation they will never be interested in continuing with this venture. Many a time it becomes difficult for them to even meet their operating costs, let alone the initial investment. Distance becomes the prime constraint for the private vehicles. The turn-around time will be directly proportional to the distance. Another concern is the waiting time due to various physical constraints on the route. This paper gives an overview of the rationale behind the privitazation of the public transport system, using an empirical study method through simulation, modeling and observation survey methods to the possible relation that can be built between the variables, which have an impact on the revenue generation and the constraints in the process. It also highlights the application of operations research to resolve the issue of the optimal distance, which the private vehicle owners could adopt for the successful running of public transport considering the various constraints possible. A simulation model is proposed based on the problem and the solution to which can suggest strategies that could be adopted for successful privatization of public transport system.

India being the fastest developing nation in the world is facing many problems, especially the rising levels of population, leading to means deficiencies. Prominently India's transport system, especially the surface transport system, is seriously deficient. The service standards of transportation system are highly inefficient compared to the international standards. The economic losses and congestions estimated due to poor standard of roads are around Rs. 120-300 bn a year.

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