Economic liberalization gave India a swift takeoff to become an economic
powerhouse. Over the last decade, augmented investments made by firms in the retail business
have made the sector one of the fastest growing in India. Rapid changes in Indian
consumerism can be attributed to economic growth (implying greater disposable income),
demographic factors, urbanization and credit availability (Ernst and Young, 2006). With a
contribution of 14% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing 7% of the
total workforce (only agriculture employs more) in the country, the retail industry is one of
the pillars of the Indian economy (CPA, 2005). The government has allowed 51%
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in cash-and-carry format for a single retail brand. With
this approval Indian enterprises can collaborate with global majors to enter into
organized retail businesses.
The retail industry is divided into organized and unorganized sectors.
Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers. Unorganized
retailing refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing, for example, the local kirana shops, owner-manned general stores, convenience stores, hand cart and pavement vendors,
etc. India has the most unorganized retail market in the world. Currently, the organized
retail sector accounts for only 2%, indicating a huge potential market opportunity.
The organized retail sector share is forecasted to be 13% by 2010, which implies good
business propositions for the long term. Both multinational and Indian firms have succeeded
in getting shares of the organized retail market. Front-runners in Indian firms are
Pantaloons Retail, Big Bazaar, Trent's Westside, Wills Lifestyle stores, etc., which are present
across India in different retail formats. |