A process is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end. This
includes a systematic series of mechanized or chemical operations that are performed
in order to produce something (Oxford English Dictionary, 2011). A process is a collection
of activities that takes one or more kinds of input and creates an output that is of value
to the customer (Hammer and Champy, 1993). Figure 1 demonstrates the input-output
process model.
A business process is defined as a structured, measured set of activities designed
to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market. It implies strong
emphasis on “how” work is done within an organization, in contrast to the emphasis
of a product focus on “what”. A process is thus a specific ordering of work activities
across time and space, with a beginning and an end, and clearly defined inputs and
outputs: a structure for action (Davenport, 1993).
The strategic intent of the organization is derived from the current market practices,
customer needs and competitor evaluation. After establishing the vision, mission, goals
and objectives, the business unit lays down the policies and procedures to achieve
these objectives. A business process is derived from the business objectives and goals.
Figure 2 shows the derivation of a process.
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