Plato, the essential idealist, insisted that what we call `real' can be known
and understood only in the context of a `transcendental real.' For him,
that which is fully real is fixed, permanent, and unchanging. Hence
he identified the `real' with the ideal realm of being, as opposed to the
physical world of becoming. This preeminence given to the ideal form and his
antagonistic interpretation of the role of art in a Republic clearly inform one of the
supremacy of the transcendental real and the incompetence of art in imitating it.
This further demonstrates how precisely Plato establishes, on an ethical
ground, the structure of an ideal political society called the Republic. This ideal
political society later inspired a variety of forms of Utopia in different parts of the
world. In contrast to the moral decadences and disunity, his idealistic,
`fixed, permanent, unchanging, and ethical' Utopia stands for tolerance,
harmony, and prosperity.
Science fiction, over the years, has time and again successfully
reinstated this Plotanian dream of the ideal utopian state. In installing the seamless
society within the structures of the machines and devices, in creating a cosmos
where crime and corruption are unheard of, in fashioning citizens who would
never defy or revolt against the state, science fictions have engineered the
perfect commonwealth called Utopia.
Still in its early stages, works like Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward: From 2000 to 1887
(1888), E M Forster's short story "The Machine Stops" (1909), H
G Well's Modern Utopia (1905) and Things to
Come (1936), Fritz Langs' famous movie Metropolis (1927), and many other science fiction and sci-fi movies
illustrate this vision of the utopia. However, in all these science fictions, beneath
the social ideals and gleaming technologies, the potential for a repressive
apparatus of the state runs as a parallel theme. At one point of time, the very idea
of utopia in these works becomes apparent only as varying forms of dystopia.
Fritz Lang's (1927) Metropolis, for example, shows in the beginning segment, a
perfect systematized land of merrymaking full of wealth and order, resembling a
utopia. Only later do we learn about the existence of the workers who are kept
completely oblivious of the society's elite class. The ruler's son Freder learns that the
workers live in terrible conditions in the underground and falls in love with a
revolutionary and earns the wrath of his father. When a robot incites the workers to revolt,
the city's ruler destroys much of the workers' underground city by flooding it
with water. |