Corynebacterium efficiens (C. efficiens) is one of the actinobacteria which is gram-positive, non-motile and rod-shaped. It is a non-pathogenic bacterium, previously known as Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes. It is mostly present in the soil with a cell size of about 0.8-1.1 micrometers in width and 1.0-4.5 micrometers in length. It is one of the thermostable bacteria which shows an optimum growth between 35-40 °C. The size of its gemome is 3.1 Mb with 2,950 protein coding genes. Most of the protein coding genes are hypothetical in nature. C. efficiens has a wide industrial application and is widely used to produce glutamic acid in high temperature (nearly 40 °C and above). In the present study, ten functional genes, such as cmr, glnB, gidB and dnaK, are chosen. These genes are expressed differently in the genome of the C. efficiens. For analyzing this gene expression, various online and offline sequence analysis tools and software were used. The phylogenetic relationship of these genes is analyzed by using commercial software like genious and CLC workbench. The phylogenetic analysis of the proteins explained that the selected genes had only 53% relationship among their protein sequences. Using this gene expression data, highly efficient glutamic acid producing plasmids were constructed. The gene expression studies also helped in identifying new genes, diagnose diseases, identify toxic levels and design new drugs for diseases.

Corynebacterium efficiens was isolated by the Ajinomoto Corporation, Japan (Alice et al., 2003; and Alja Lüdke et al., 2007). The cell size of C. efficiens is 0.8-1.1 micrometers in width and 1.0-4.5 micrometers in length. Some of the cells are arranged in a `V' formation due to their snapping division. Cell motility was not observed at any stage of growth. C. efficiens produced glutamic acid from glucose, mannose, ribose, maltose and dextrin. None of these species produced glutamic acid from xylose, mannitol, lactose, salicin, galactose, starch or glycogen. Gene expression is the process by which inheritable information from a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as a protein or RNA. Regulation of gene expression (or gene regulation) includes the processes that cells and viruses use to turn the information on genes into gene products. Although a functional gene product is an RNA or a protein, a majority of the known mechanisms regulate protein coding genes. Any step of the gene's expression may be modulated, from DNA-RNA transcription to the post-translational modification of a protein (Brune et al., 2005; and Elisabeth et al., 2008).

Biotechnology Journal, Genes, Proteins, Expression, Phylogeny, Thermostable Bacteria, Pphylogenetic Relationship, National Center for Biotechnology Information, NCBI, Open Reading Frame, ORF, Protein Data Bank, PDB, Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean , UPGMA.