Stress causes imbalance but coping with it restores balance. Coping with stress means managing the potential stressors or stressful situations to minimize their harmful consequences and involves individual appraisal in relation to one's coping resources. Individuals at different management (hierarchical) levels have different perspectives, focus and thrust. They have different learning experiences and their perceptions differ. Coping depends on cognitive appraisal which is influenced by perception and learning. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are significant differences in the coping strategies adopted across all management levels. In this paper, eight types of coping strategies were measured across the three management levelsjunior, middle and seniorin a public sector organization, using RolePICS (O), involving 155 randomly selected executives. Statistical analysis has revealed significant differences in the adoption of coping strategies across the management levels in an organization. While `defensive' is the dominant coping strategy, `intropersistive' is the backup coping strategy across the three management levels; and `impunitive and defensive coping strategies' are stronger at the junior management level as compared to middle management level. Since `extrapersistive coping strategy' is weaker at the junior management level as compared to middle management level, middle management is adopting more functional coping strategies as compared to the junior management.
Stress
is the result of a mismatch between a person and his/her environment and the perceived
inability to cope with the constraints or demands encountered (Harrison, 1976).
Stress arises from an opportunity, demand, constraint, threat or challenge when
the outcome of the event is important and uncertain (Robbins, 2003, p. 577). Stress
is caused by internal or external demands that upset the balance of an individual
and affect his/her physical and psychological wellbeing (Lazarus and Cohen 1977).
Uncertainties and unexpected changes are common in our lives. People often do
not behave as we expect. Major events are often beyond our control and things
do not work out as we want. Stress is, therefore, unavoidable in human life (Pestonjee,
1999, pp. 1534).
`Organizational
Role' (Pareek, 1993, pp. 320; 2002, pp. 477491) is a position in an organization,
which is defined by the expectations of the significant people therein. Role occupant
performs certain functions to fulfill his/her role expectations. The concept of
organizational role and occupation thereof has inherent potential for stress. |