Migration can be traced from time immemorial and affects both the places people leave and the places they move into, and is a powerful driver of economic, political and social change. Actual migration is constrained by the individual or household capability, including the financial or social capital. Immigration provided a large supply of labor that was necessary for the take-off of industry and sustained modern economic growth during the early stages of industrial development. The economics of migration indicates that the host country needs immigrants. Migration as a process is a wonderful opportunity to achieve aspirations of progress and is a tool for development. Innovation is the primary source of competitive advantage, industrial change and economic growth. It requires hard, focused, purposeful work along with knowledge and ingenuity. Firms use different innovation strategies based on technological opportunities and characteristics of their sector. Knowledge management improves the creative abilities of any organization by ensuring the timely availability and accessibility of knowledge. Management of knowledge has a vital role in creating an internal working environment that supports creativity and fosters innovation. Organizational culture is one of the elements for management of knowledge. Immigration may boost innovation by the population size effect; the population density effect; the migrant share effect; the skill composition effect; and the migrant diversity effect. Globalization has increased sharply the mobility of highly skilled workers who are younger, more entrepreneurial and less risk-averse. When diverse people collaborate and share, innovation usually emerges. Migration enhances the diversity among economic agents and enhances their individual knowledge bases. Knowledge spillover caused by the interaction between skilled workers creates and spurs idea creation.

In the pre-pandemic days, e-commerce was gaining roots in the Indian market. The Covid-19 pandemic impacted many industries adversely, but certain businesses gained momentum after initial hiccups in the unforeseen scenario of the pandemic. E-commerce is one such industry which has expanded in the new environment. Though certain sectors in e-commerce space have had a share of the negative impact, a majority of e-commerce players have flourished. This conceptual paper explains the impact of lockdown on e-commerce in the Indian context. It explores the Indian e-commerce industry pre and post lockdown. The impact of lockdown on various sectors of e-commerce is analyzed using suitable information and the emerging market evidence. This paper is based upon a thorough analysis of various newspaper articles, reports and relevant literature and provides a comprehensive view of the impact of Covid-19 on the e-commerce industry. It shows that the road which looked less traveled has gained all the limelight because there was no other way to move forward, and thereby it has provided fresh momentum to the Indian economy.

This case is about the strategic decision of Bose Corporation (Bose) to close down its retail stores in North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Its retail stores at other locations around the world were to, however, remain open and continue operations. The case dwells upon Bose's relentless focus on research and development, which gave it a competitive edge over its rivals. The case details the travails of the retail industry and the onslaughts Bose faced from the e-commerce companies, which led to the closure of several of its retail businesses and a reduction in the number of its stores. Bose?s online strategy is discussed in detail along with its use of social media and online marketing. While some analysts were in favor of the store shutdown, others were quite critical and opined that Bose was likely to return to its store format. The case ends with the question whether Bose?s decision to shut down its stores was right and whether customers would purchase its products online without ?experiencing? the products in person.