The first paper, "Developing a Sustainable Coastal Aquaculture Value Chain for the Rural Communities of Bangladesh" by Prabal Barua, Md. Mazharul Islam and Anisa Mitra, highlights the importance of aquaculture and its role in the economic development of many nations. This study specifically focuses on the contribution of aquaculture to the economic development of Bangladesh and its role in improving the earnings of marginalized communities. The study was conducted to assess the development and adoption of sustainable value chain for aquaculture business in the southern coast of Bangladesh. The authors found that small-scale aquaculture and inland fisheries sectors are facing some environmental, technological and socioeconomic challenges that may lead to aquaculture production failure and make this subsector unstable in the near future. Additionally, farm-raised fish quality and their safety for human consumption are becoming a serious concern to local and international food markets. These challenges could have severe impacts on the earnings as well as the rural economy of the region. To overcome these challenges, adoption of sustainable and environment-friendly aquaculture practices are required. These practices can maximize environmental and economic sustainability as well as reduce the likelihood of outbreak of disease in the aquaculture farms. However, adapting Good Aquaculture Practices (GAPs) requires a combination of strategies and policies. The authors suggest that "top-down" and "bottom-up" holistic approach to aquaculture planning and management may help to sustain this sector.

The second paper, "How to Assess the Governance Efficiency of Farming Enterprises?" by Hrabrin Bachev, defines and assesses the economic efficiency of Bulgarian farms from the perspective of New Institutional Economics. The author points out that despite the fundamental progression of the theory of economic organizations, farm continues to be studied as a "production structure" and its efficiency is assessed using "factors productivity". Based on the new institution theory, a farm is considered to be efficient if inputs supply and marketing transactions of a farm are governed effectively. First-in-kind quantitative evaluation of governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms is made on the basis of assessments of managers of typical farms. "Nature of the problems in effective organization of major type of farm transactions for securing the needed factors of production and output realization" is used as an indicator for the comparative transaction costs. The study finds that the governance efficiency of farms in general is at a good level, but 60% of all farms have low efficiency and will likely cease to exist in the near future. The major factors behind the inferior governance efficiency of farms are unsatisfactory efficiency in the supply of necessary labor, innovations and know-how, and funding. There is a huge variation in the governance efficiency of farms with different specializations, as holdings in field crops, vegetables, flowers and mushrooms, and mixed livestock demonstrate the lowest levels. There is a big discrepancy between the new assessments and the traditional approach to farm efficiency. The suggested framework has to be improved and widely applied to economic analysis at various levels, which requires the collection of a novel type of microdata on farms' governance and transaction costs.

The case study, "Supply Chain Transformation at Dell", by Nikhat Afshan, presents the supply chain transformation strategy of Dell, which involved moving away from its legendry make-to-order model to make-to-stock model. It highlights why Dell decided to adopt the make-to-stock model from which it had distanced itself for decades. Once known for several benefits such as no finished goods or parts inventory, flexibility, and negative cash-to-cash cycle, it started adding great complexity and cost. Dell decided to move to make-to-stock model while operating the make-to-order model for the customers who value it, but at a reduced level.