The objective behind the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) was to address the problem of 'comparability' of financial information and pave the way for cross-border trade and investments. However, unlike many other nations, India did not adopt the IFRS; instead, it converged with IFRS through preparing a completely new set of financial reporting framework, popularly known as the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS). After many postponements, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) finally insisted on a transition to Ind AS from financial year 2016-17, and a phase-wise implementation plan was released. Accordingly, all major companies in India have already transited to Ind AS from the previous Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). In India, the power of statutory audits under the Companies Act, 2013, is vested upon practicing Chartered Accountants (CAs) only. As the auditor evaluates whether the financial statements comply with the applicable reporting framework, they also observe how the compliance was made. This study seeks to evaluate the success of the transition and ckeck the effectiveness of Ind AS through a survey among auditors.

Productivity and profitability are closely interrelated, and it is almost impossible to improve profitability without improving productivity. This is true even in the case of the banking sector. In this backdrop, the present study aims at measuring and comparing bank productivity from two different dimensions, viz., branch offices and manpower of three ownership groups of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India, viz., Public Sector Banks (PSBs), Private Sector Banks (PVSBs) and branches of Foreign Banks (FBs). For this purpose, the relevant data was collected for 16 years, 2004-05 to 2019-20; and the same was analyzed with the help of 't', 'f' and Tukey HSD (Honest Significant Difference) tests, besides using descriptive statistics and compound annual growth rate. The study finds that all the three groups have improved their productivity during the period. However, branch and/or manpower productivity differs across groups. It is also found that the FBs have achieved higher productivity in all the parameters when compared to both the groups of domestic SCBs, except in the two parameters, viz., number of employees per branch office and Total Business per Rupee of Wages (TBPRW). Between the two groups of domestic SCBs, the performance of PVSBs is better compared to that of PSBs on a majority of parameters and for a majority of the years. The present study enables the domestic SCBs to identify the area wherein they need to focus for improving their performance, which in turn improves their productivity, leading to improvement in their profitability.

Financial Reporting Quality (FRQ) is of utmost importance to the investors and regulators because it is a vital input to make investment and credit decisions. Accrual accounting forms the basis of financial reporting. It requires the use of estimates which affect the reported earnings and net assets. In addition to these estimates, real decisions about operational, investment and financing activities can also affect reported earnings. Both-the accounting estimates and real decisions-can be used to misrepresent financial reporting information. The former is referred to as Accruals Earnings Management (AEM) and the latter as Real Earnings Management (REM). Surveys show managers prefer REM over AEM as it is not subject to auditor scrutiny. Thus, it is important to consider REM while assessing FRQ. The study focuses on REM through sales, discretionary expenses, and production costs to assess FRQ. It is found that sample firms engage in REM and also high-performance and growth firms are more likely to manipulate sales and discretionary expenses and less likely to manipulate production costs. Large firms are more likely to manipulate production costs and less likely to manipulate discretionary expenses. Firms with high leverage are more likely to decrease discretionary expenses. Thus, the regulators and investors should take into account both AEM and REM for decision making.

"Go Green" has become the buzzword associated with every sphere such as socio-economical, environmental, ecological and political. Green Finance or sustainable finance aims at incorporating environmental protection into economic profits and also at better achievement of ecological balance to accomplish sustainable utilization of resources, highlighting two significant areas, "green" and "finance". To implement the Green Finance initiative successfully, huge amount of funding is required from both governments and private players. The study is mainly based on the best practices followed across the globe for promoting Green Finance, recent trends and future opportunities in emerging India. The methodology used is mainly theoretical framework built based on the existing literature. The study could benefit policymakers and researchers in understanding the challenges and the way forward concerning Green Finance in India.