The behavior of banks in terms of lending has been affected by several factors, including government regulations, economic conditions, and the overall health of the banking sector. Efforts to improve the regulatory environment and increase transparency in lending practices have been implemented in recent years, but the issue of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) remains a challenge to the banking sector. NPAs have remained a significant issue for Indian banks. NPAs are loans that have been classified as unlikely to be repaid, and they can significantly impact a bank's ability to lend. However, in 2019, RBI introduced a new framework for the resolution of NPAs, which aims to accelerate the process of resolving bad loans and increase the chances of recovery for banks.

In general, a complex set of factors influences the lending behavior of banks in India, including government regulations, economic conditions, and the banking sector's health. These determinants are broadly grouped into macroeconomic and bank-specific factors. The macroeconomic factors include economic growth, interest rates, inflation, government regulations, and credit risk. Broadly, bank lending in India is heavily influenced by macroeconomic conditions and government regulations. On the other hand, the bank-specific factors that affect bank lending include capital adequacy, asset quality, liquidity, risk management, profitability, competition, reputation, and technological advancements. In all, bank-specific factors play a significant role in shaping the lending behavior of banks in India. These factors can vary significantly from bank to bank and can change over time as a bank's financial position, risk appetite, and competitive environment change.

In the recent past, RBI has introduced several measures to strengthen the banking sector and improve lending practices directed at meeting the credit needs of the economy. These measures include increasing banks' minimum capital requirements, implementing stricter risk management guidelines, and promoting greater transparency in the lending process. In recent years, the trend of bank lending in India has been generally positive, driven by factors such as economic growth and a growing population. However, the growth rate has been fluctuating. From 2014 to 2019, the credit growth rate was in the range of 8-12%. Nevertheless, in 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a contraction in credit growth due to the economic slowdown, lockdowns, and market uncertainty. However, in 2021, the credit growth rate picked up again, with the Indian government announcing several measures to revive the economy, and RBI also took steps to improve liquidity in the banking system.

Bank lending in India remained resilient during 2021 and 2022 as the Indian banks experienced broad-based credit acceleration. The spurt in bank lending during 2021-22 was driven by loans to services and retail sectors, particularly housing. Bank credit for industry has grown at the peak rate in the last eight years. Overall, commercial bank credit in India grew 13% from March 2021 to March 2022. During the same period, the private banks recorded a credit growth of 16%, whereas the public banks achieved 11%. The first paper, "Determinants of Bank Lending Behavior in India: An ARDL Approach", analyzes bank lending behavior. The authors, Amith Vikram Megaravalli and Aniruddha Das, using a sample that comprises 39 public and private sector banks in India from 2011 to 2018, study the short- and long-run determinants of bank credit using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. In doing so, they consider macroeconomic variables like GDP and inflation and bank-specific variables like bank size, capital adequacy ratio, provision for credit risk, expense ratio, and return on assets. The authors find that bank-specific factors like return on assets, bank size, and capital adequacy ratio positively influence bank lending in the short run.

In the second paper, "Pre-Pack Resolution of Stressed Corporate MSMEs by Banks in India", the author, V S Kaveri, reviews the Pre-Pack Resolution Scheme announced by the Indian government as an alternative route for faster and easy resolution of stressed corporate Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) debts. According to the scheme, the MSMEs can approach the adjudicating authority for insolvency, National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), if two-thirds of the financial creditors approve their plan. Thanks to this scheme, the MSMEs need not to go through a long-drawn-out process under Insolvency Bankruptcy Code (IBC).

The third paper, "Green Banking for Sustainable Development: An Empirical Study on Customers' Perspective During the Covid-19 Pandemic", explores the contemporary topic of financing for sustainable development in the backdrop of climate change concerns. The authors, Jyoti A Jamnani and Ajay B Jamnani, examine the awareness of green banking initiatives, green services, and the perceived benefits of using such services during the pandemic among bank customers. Their study observes that customers use green-friendly debit cards, mobile banking, Internet banking, and UPI transactions. Bank customers show a favorable perception of environmental protection through adopting green banking practices.

The final paper, "Impact of Monetary Policy on Nigeria's Economic Growth", investigates the effect of monetary policy on economic growth. The authors of the paper, Ukangwa Jane Uchechi, Ikechi Victor Iheukwumere, and Ogonda Gift Orokwele, empirically analyze the interconnectedness between monetary policy and economic growth in Nigeria using the data from 1981 to 2021, employing the ARDL model. The study observes that money supply and inflation are Nigeria's leading drivers of economic growth. The authors conclude that monetary policies should be implemented to build a favorable investment climate in the economy by accelerating the emergence of market-based interest rate and exchange rate regimes that could fascinate domestic and foreign investments.