This paper explores the asymmetric effect of energy consumption and economic growth on carbon emissions in Ghana for the period 1970-2019. The empirical analysis employs the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach to decompose energy consumption and economic growth into positive and negative partial sum so as to explore possible asymmetric effects of the variables on carbon emissions. The results show evidence of cointegration among the variables and the presence of asymmetry for energy consumption in the short and long run, and only long-run asymmetry exists for economic growth. Again, the findings suggest that in Ghana, positive shocks in energy consumption have significant increasing effect on carbon emissions in the long run and negative shocks in energy consumption exert decreasing effects on carbon emissions. However, the impact of positive shocks is much greater than the impact of negative shocks. The results also reveal that in the long run, positive shocks in economic growth have significant decreasing effect on carbon emissions and vice versa. It is recommended that the government of Ghana develop policies aimed at encouraging the use of renewable energy and energy-efficient technologies.

This study supplies additional empirical evidence of responses in real economic activity to shocks in confidence. A Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), featuring confidence, real consumption and real output, is constructed with respect to the Euro Area (EA) and eight European nations. The results are mixed: responses exhibit reversibility and irreversibility, suggesting the formulation of a theoretical mechanism capable of formalizing such a variety. The potential causes behind confidence in the same nations are, moreover, evaluated through a panel data regression. The results indicate aversion towards output, inflation, unemployment, monetary independence and financial openness, but favor population, exchange rate rigidity and the accumulation of sovereign debt.

As every industry is different in respect of competition, foreign exposure, profitability, etc., there is a need to examine their specific characteristics and assess their influence on stock returns. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the characteristics of selected industries and their influence on stock returns using panel data regression. On average, there are still some industries that are highly concentrated like warehousing and support activities for transportation, civil engineering, etc. More competition in these industries should be welcomed. As most of them are driven by the domestic market, steps need to be taken to increase their global market presence. Based on the examination of the influence of industry-specific factors on stock returns, the findings suggest that investors should focus on the average return on total assets to evaluate investment profile of stocks belonging to a particular industry.

With a passion for reading and an innate disposition towards asking probing questions, this girl child preferred reasoning and inferring logically rather than simply memorizing the texts, regularly topping class after class in school. Being the daughter of doctor-parents, coupled with an excellent academic record, she Joined Hindu College, New Delhi, then considered the best campus for pre-med. But after working as a volunteer in an army hospital and having realized that she was not cut for spending time in and around hospitals, she rationally chose economics. She then obtained her MA and MPhil in economics from Delhi School of Economics and a PhD from Bombay University.