| Pub. Date | : Apr, 2022 |
|---|---|
| Product Name | : The IUP Journal of Applied Economics |
| Product Type | : Article |
| Product Code | : IJAE30422 |
| Author Name | : Sandeep Kumar Tiwari*, Pabitra Kumar Jena** and Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh*** |
| Availability | : YES |
| Subject/Domain | : Economics |
| Download Format | : PDF Format |
| No. of Pages | : 27 |
This study analyzes the disparities in household expenditure on education up to the elementary level in Uttar Pradesh (UP). It analyzes social status defining variables along with some household environment variables in the most populous state of India. This study focuses on the role of caste, class (economic class), and their interactions in influencing the household education expenditure with respect to localities/sector, gender and type of schools in UP. It used secondary data from the 71st round of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). A total of 36,479 urban and 29,447 rural households having children aged 5-29 years, receiving any type of education were surveyed. Using 'Tobit model', it finds inequality existing at different levels. The study suggests strengthening of the economic structure of lower income classes (irrespective of caste) by providing more employment opportunities and continuing financial support, and also trying to implement a universal curriculum structure in all types of schools. Further, there is a need to strengthen the management system and ensure the accountability of teachers in government schools.
Education is a merit good (Schultz, 1961) and providing quality education to every child is a social responsibility of each associated institution of the public or private sector (Majumdar, 1983). Besides, it is also a social as well as constitutional responsibility of every parent or guardian to bring his/her child to school. Individual investment in child education is called household investment (Tilak, 2002). Whereas the institutional investment is geared towards providing infrastructure, trained human resources, and other facilities, the household investment is done in paying fees, providing books and stationery items, transportation, uniform, and boarding-lodging, etc. (Panchamukhi, 1990; and Mukhopadhyay and Jena, 2015).
Uttar Pradesh (thereafter UP) is the most populous state of India, accounting for about 16.5% of India's population with a wide variety of social and cultural traits. If it were a.