In order to control the lack of fusion, a thorough understanding of the mechanism of development and the influence of welding parameters on the generation of lack of fusion is required. Sumit D Bhatt, Sagarkumar I Shah and G D Acharya, in their paper, "Optimization of Process Parameters Influencing Lack of Fusion Defect in TIG Welding of SS 304 Thin Sheet", have carried out Design of Experiment (DOE) investigation, Radiographic Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Tensile Test to predict and reduce lack of fusion with TIG welding process parameters. The authors have proposed 27 different combinations of parameters and investigated the effect of three of process parameters-current, gas flow rate and travel speed-on the tensile stress of the welded joint. They have suggested the optimum value of current, travel speed or welding speed and gas flow rate are 50 A, 6 mm/s and 5 L/min, respectively, for obtaining optimum tensile stress value (672.60 MPa).

In an automobile vehicle, drive shaft or propeller shaft is one of the most important components for transmitting the rotary motion from the front end to the rear end of the vehicle to move the vehicle in forward or backward direction. The shaft should be strong enough to withstand high torsional loads due to constantly changing angles between the transmission and axle. Generally, high quality steel of grade SM45C (an unalloyed carbon mechanical structural steel) is used for manufacturing the drive shafts. To improve the transmission system efficiency, optimum design of drive shaft together with each and every component is needed. R M Shinde and S M Sawant, in the paper, "Optimization of Automotive Drive Shaft for Better Fuel Economy and High Torsional Strength", have carried out analytical studies to determine the torsional strength, maximum shear stress, maximum shear strain and angle of twist of the shaft, and compared with experimental and FEA results. The optimized size generated from shear stress optimization is best suited for propeller shaft with benefits of 7.8% reduction in weight compared to conventional propeller shaft, 7.8% reduction in material cost per propeller shaft and 0.02% increase in mileage. Composites materials, a class of advanced materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, is are being extensively used for weight-critical applications in the automotive, aerospace and healthcare sectors. Aluminum (Al)-based Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have been extensively studied as an attractive option due to their lightweight, high strength, stiffness and resistance to high temperature. In the paper, "Experimental Investigation and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites Using Stir Casting Method", the authors, Y Seetharama Rao and Ch Kameswari Chitti, have evaluated the characteristics of aluminum MMC-by varying the weight percentages of aluminum and graphite, and keeping SiC constant as 10%. They have observed significant improvement in the tensile strength, percentage elongation and Brinell's hardness number.

The need for the design and fabrications of flexible prototypes and low-volume component production have resulted in the evolution of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM)-a thermo electric process. In the EDM process, thermal energy is used to erode the unwanted material, thereby producing a critical shape of the desired material. In the paper, "Surface Integrity of EN8 Steel Machined on Electrical Discharge Machine Using Fuzzy Approach: An Investigation", the authors, Chandan Waghmare, M S Sohani and Shailesh Shirguppikar, have studied the influence of parameters used for machining, i.e., discharge current, pulse-on-time and voltage. Fuzzy logic technique has been implemented to convert the multiple responses from the output into a single parameter, i.e., Multi Performance Characteristics Index (MPCI). The study estimated that the different process variables such as White Layer Thickness (WLT), Surface Crack Density (SCD) and Surface Roughness (SR) can be greatly improved using fuzzy logic technique.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can be best evaluated using new ANSYS fluent experience. Many researchers have carried out CFD simulation analysis using different versions of ANSYS fluent to understand and optimize the flow characteristics of fluid. In the paper, "Unsteady Analysis of Vortex Generation Phenomenon in Flush Tank Using Ansys", the authors, Sonu Chouhan and Ankur Geete, have presented the design details of flush tank, which utilizes minimum amount of water used without sacrificing the performance. The volume of fluid model has been used to analyze the dynamics of the motion of bubbles and movement over different surfaces by the authors in the process of providing an accurate approach to developing a new water-saving flush tank.