Published Online:October 2025
Product Name:The IUP Journal of International Relations
Product Type:Article
Product Code:IJIR031025
DOI:10.71329/IUPJIR/2025.19.4.39-76
Author Name:Rafael Leal-Arcas, Aosama Alghamdi and Mohammed Alharethi
Availability:YES
Subject/Domain:Arts and Humanities
Download Format:PDF
Pages:39-76
COP30, scheduled to take place in Belém (Brazil) in 2025, is poised to be a pivotal moment in the implementation of the 2015 Paris Agreement. This paper’s objective is to analyze whether COP30 will mark a milestone in the realization of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. It adopts a bibliographic review approach, employing the construction of hypothetical scenarios. As the world nears the crucial 2030 milestone for emissions reduction, COP30 will follow the first Global Stocktake (GST) at COP28, which revealed that current national pledges remain insufficient to limit global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. Brazil’s leadership, under a government that has repositioned itself as a champion of environmental protection, especially in the Amazon, adds symbolic and strategic weight to the conference. COP30 is expected to pressure countries to submit more ambitious and actionable nationally determined contributions aligned with science-based targets.
Climate diplomacy stands at a critical juncture. Each annual Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) symbolizes humanity’s collective attempt to address climate change as one