Article Details
  • Published Online:
    January  2026
  • Product Name:
    The IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior
  • Product Type:
    Article
  • Product Code:
    IJOB040126
  • DOI:
    10.71329/IUPJOB/2026.25.1.67-102
  • Author Name:
    Parminder Kaur and Heena Atwal
  • Availability:
    YES
  • Subject/Domain:
    Management
  • Download Format:
    PDF
  • Pages:
    67-102
Volume 25, Issue 1, January-March 2026
Determinants of Individual Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Conceptual Framework
Abstract

Pro-environmental behavior (PEB) is critical for advancing organizational and societal sustainability. The paper reviews 47 empirical studies examining PEB determinants across organizational, individual, and socio-demographic dimensions. Using the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity framework, Social Exchange Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory, the paper presents an integrated conceptual framework explaining how organizational factors (green HRM, environmental policy, supervisory support, organizational climate, transformational leadership), individual factors (environmental knowledge, concern, commitment, norms), and socio-demographic factors (age, gender, income, education, marital status) shape PEB. The framework addresses literature gaps by integrating multiple analysis levels and incorporating emerging trends, including digital sustainability, remote work, generational differences, and climate anxiety.

Introduction

Environmental degradation poses one of the most pressing challenges of the twenty-first century. Climate change, resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and pollution threaten the sustainability of our planet and the wellbeing of future generations. In response, the United Nations has established 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), with environmental sustainability as a central priority (Li et al., 2021).