Published Online:November 2025
Product Name:The IUP Journal of Telecommunications
Product Type:Article
Product Code:IJCT021125
DOI:10.71329/IUPJTC/2025.17.4.32-53
Author Name:Nikheel Vishwas Savant
Availability:YES
Subject/Domain:Engineering
Download Format:PDF
Pages:32-53
The proliferation of dual-radio IoT devices combining Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and Wi-Fi enables flexible tradeoffs between power efficiency and data throughput. However, enabling secure and seamless handover between these technologies remains a formidable challenge— particularly within decentralized mesh networks characterized by dynamic topologies and multi-hop communication. Existing solutions either rely on hard handovers with significant latency and session disruption or are tightly coupled to proprietary ecosystems, limiting generalizability and security. The paper introduces a lightweight, protocol-agnostic handover framework that integrates a session abstraction layer (SAL) and an edge node authentication server (ENAS), enabling secure, low-latency transitions between BLE and Wi-Fi in decentralized Internet of Things (IoT) mesh networks. The proposed framework is fully implemented on embedded hardware using commercially available dual-radio microcontrollers (ESP32-C6) and validated under live BLE–Wi-Fi mesh conditions. The experimental results demonstrate a 71% reduction in handover latency, a 91% improvement in packet delivery, and full authentication reliability—outperforming traditional hard handover approaches. These findings contribute a scalable and secure method for maintaining connectivity across heterogeneous wireless protocols, opening pathways for resilient, vendor-neutral IoT deployments in healthcare, smart infrastructure, and industrial systems.
Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly evolved into a heterogeneous ecosystem comprising billions of devices with varied performance, power, and communication requirements (Sigg et al., 2023).