Article Details
  • Published Online:
    April  2026
  • Product Name:
    The IUP Journal of Structural Engineering
  • Product Type:
    Article
  • Product Code:
    IJSE020426
  • DOI:
    10.71329/IUPJSE/2026.19.2.21-38
  • Author Name:
    Kiran Kumar M S and Madhura R
  • Availability:
    YES
  • Subject/Domain:
    Engineering
  • Download Format:
    PDF
  • Pages:
    21-38
Volume 19, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Performance Evaluation of Binary and Ternary Blended Sustainable Green Concrete Using CDW
Abstract

The paper examines the strength performance of binary and ternary blended concrete using fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) as partial replacements for cement. The study focused on compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength measured at 7 and 28 days. Binary mixes were prepared with 5-20% FA, while ternary mixes contained combined FA and RHA replacements between 10 and 40%. The results indicated that both blending approaches enhanced strength when used at optimum levels. The binary mix with 10% FA achieved the highest 28-day compressive strength of 43.93 N/mm² and split tensile strength of 2.95 N/mm². Similarly, the ternary mix with 5% FA and 5% RHA showed comparable compressive strength and slightly higher tensile strength, highlighting the beneficial combined effect of FA and RHA. In terms of flexural performance, the optimum ternary mix containing 15% FA and 15% RHA recorded the maximum 28-day flexural strength of 5.30 N/mm², confirming improved bending resistance. Improved early-age strength was also observed at lower replacement levels, while higher replacement levels resulted in strength reduction due to decreased cement content and slower pozzolanic reactions. Overall, the study demonstrates that optimally designed binary and ternary blended concretes can provide reliable mechanical performance, while supporting sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices.

Introduction

The rapid expansion of construction sector has led to a sharp increase in the consumption of natural resources and a rise in environmental pollution.