Article Details
  • Published Online:
    April  2026
  • Product Name:
    The IUP Journal of Structural Engineering
  • Product Type:
    Article
  • Product Code:
    IJSE030426
  • DOI:
    10.71329/IUPJSE/2026.19.2.39-56
  • Author Name:
    Md. Nurnabi Islam
  • Availability:
    YES
  • Subject/Domain:
    Engineering
  • Download Format:
    PDF
  • Pages:
    39-56
Volume 19, Issue 2, April-June 2026
Alternative Ground Improvement Materials for Road Pavement Over Soft Soil: A Comparative Numerical Evaluation
Abstract

Ground improvement is a key concern in geotechnical engineering, especially for road pavements constructed over soft and low strength soils. The paper evaluates the effectiveness of different ground improvement techniques, specifically sand drains and stone columns constructed with either conventional stone aggregate or recycled construction and demolition (C&D) debris. Using PLAXIS 2D V20 software, numerical analyses were carried out to compare the performance of these methods in terms of settlement reduction and overall stability. The results show that C&D-filled stone columns can provide similar improvements as traditional stone columns when properly processed and graded. Additionally, the incorporation of sand drains accelerates consolidation and further reduces settlement. The use of C&D debris not only offers technical advantages but also addresses environmental and economic concerns by reducing reliance on natural resources and promoting recycling. This comparative analysis demonstrates the potential of combining sand drains and C&D-filled stone columns as sustainable and effective ground improvement solutions for road pavements over soft and low strength soil.

Introduction

Ground improvement is a vital area in geotechnical engineering, as it directly addresses the challenges arising from problematic soil conditions that may create difficulties for the safe and economic construction of infrastructure.