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The IUP Journal of Physics

October' 08
Focus

With the phenomenal growth in mobile and portable terrestrial wireless communication systems and due to their potential utilization in a wide variety of high data rate and multimedia services, higher frequency bands need to be allocated.

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Choosing by Mapping of Models for Propagation Losses and Interference Parameters for Radio Networks Design
Factorization Method for Three Scalar Fields and BPS Bounds
Electronic Structure of the Interface YBa2Cu3O7/GaAs
Conductivity and Ion Transport Characterization of a PEO Based Conducting Polymer Electrolyte System
The Photon and its Mass
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Choosing by Mapping of Models for Propagation Losses and Interference Parameters for Radio Networks Design

--S R Meneses G , R Linares y M , M Cuevas and J López-Bonilla

The development of radio networks has prompted an examination of the propagation characteristics encountered at coverage zone. Many models have been proposed to predict propagation losses and communication performance, without considering interference problems. In addition, because of variety of the available methods, the appropriate selection of one of them for a particular situation can be difficult. In this paper, a new technique to radio networks design in urban and rural areas, which allows choosing the best, by mapping of models for the propagation losses and interference parameters is presented. Field strength and the problems of the interference parameter estimation are described by using the average distance conception performance for a variety of radio communication links. A concrete mapping of models for different kinds of zones is presented.

Article Price : Rs.50

Factorization Method for Three Scalar Fields and BPS Bounds

--J Sadeghi and A Mohammadi

In this paper, a class of systems of three coupled real scalar fields is considered and also the general form of the stability equation is constructed. In order to discuss the stability of system the equations of motion with factorization method are solved. With the help of associated Jacobi differential equation the normal mode fluctuation is obtained .

Article Price : Rs.50

Electronic Structure of the Interface YBa2Cu3O7/GaAs

--A E García, J Camas, S Mendoza,R Baquero-Salaquarda, L M García-Cruz and R Baquero

Charge redistribution in high-Tc superconductors due to structural defects or interfaces is known to be crucial for electronic applications as the band structure is modified on a local scale. In order to investigate these effects in more detail, the interface of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) with the semiconductor GaAs is considered. It is started from ab initio calculations for the normal state YBCO-metal and for the GaAs semiconductor. For that purpose, the Density Functional Theory (DFT) together with the Full-Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method is used as it is implemented in the Wien2k code. The GaAs interface layer is found to be metallic, a result that is of intrinsic interest.

Article Price : Rs.50

Conductivity and Ion Transport Characterization of a PEO Based Conducting Polymer Electrolyte System

--K Vijaya Kumar , G Keerthi , G Nataraju and U V Subba Rao

Solid polymer electrolyte system, Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) complexed with potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) salt has been prepared by solution-cast technique. Several experimental techniques such as IR, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), composition dependence conductivity, temperature dependence conductivity in the temperature range of 308-368 K and transport number measurements have been employed to characterize this polymer electrolyte system. The conductivity of the (PEO+KHCO3) electrolyte is about 103 times larger than that of pure PEO at room temperature. The transference data has shown that the charge transport in these polymer electrolyte systems is predominantly due to ions.

Article Price : Rs.50

The Photon and its Mass

--Baiju George and P Appala Naidu

Gauge theory, the fundamental theory of interaction and the special theory of relativity, with its firm roots in Maxwell's electrodynamics, were the two main constituents of the die in which photon was moulded. So it naturally produced a zero mass photon. Advent of general theory of relativity greatly reduced the domain of validity of special theory. But it did not challenge the assigned characters of photon. Momentum, an inherent property of photon caused to think in the direction of massive photon, a theoretically and conceptually viable alternative. Proca electrodynamics is the most successful frame work for this alternative concept. Based on this frame work, the finite range theory has been analyzed for the nature of potential, field and dispersion of electromagnetic radiations at terrestrial and extra terrestrial levels to set an upper limit for rest mass of photon. The upper limit set by various experimental methods so far not reached up to the limit set by the principle of uncertainty. But the present limit is not too far from this ultimate limit. In a similar manner efforts are in progress to set an upper limit to photon charge. Stability of photon is also a matter of concern.

Article Price : Rs.50
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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