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The inaugural issue of The IUP Law Review contains articles of vivid nature. Prashant Iyengar in his paper, “The Library Exception Under the Indian Copyright Act, 1957”, explains the basic concepts of copyright and the fair dealing doctrine as envisaged in Section 52(1)(o) of the Copyright Act, 1957. The paper defines legal principles applicable to public libraries. It also deals with various state legislations concerned with public libraries in India.

Satabdee Mohanty and Tanay Nandi in their paper, “Implications of Software Patenting in India”, examine the existing legal position of software protection in India, where software patenting does not exist because it is protected under the copyright law, whereas in the USA, depending on the type of the software, it is protected under the copyright and patent laws.

Tabrez Ahmad and Tabrez Malawat in their paper, “Foreign Direct Investment in Real Estate in India: Challenges and Implications”, explain the legalities of real estate business vis-à-vis foreign investment in the field of real estate business in India.

The authors comment that the foreign investors in real estate business face many challenges and urge for transparency in the deals.

The paper, “Protection of Human Rights of Disabled in India: An Analysis”, by Pradeep Kumar Pandey and Santanu Bikash Das, explains the various issues concerned with protection of human rights of the disabled in India, as they constitute an important segment of the population. The United Nations has made categorical provisions for protecting the disabled, but in practice these provisions are not reaching the right people at the grassroots level.

-- A V Narasimha Rao
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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