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Characterization of Commercially Pure Titanium
Laser Cladded with TiC Particles
--Hashem F El-Labban and Essam R I Mahmoud
The wear resistance of pure titanium is poor and as a result its application under severe wear conditions is highly restricted. To improve the wear resistance of pure titanium, its surface hardness was improved in this study by the application of laser cladding with TiC powder of 3-10 µm particle size. This treatment was performed using YAG fiber laser at 1700, 2000, 2200 and 2800 W, speed of 4 mm/s and argon as a shielding gas. The powder layers of 1 and 0.5 mm thick were replaced on the specimens for one and two passes. In these cases, surface cladding layers of Ti/TiC composite were produced. The increase of processing power caused increase in the depths of the cladding layer and heat-affected zones. Hardened zones of depths ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 mm were achieved by increasing the processing power from 1700 to 2800 W. The surface hardness of the cladded layer was improved as almost 13 times as that of the substrate in the case of 1700 W. The microhardness of the heat-affected zone was also increased. The improvement in hardness was decreased in the cases of two passes and the specimens cladded with powder layer were replaced with 0.5 mm thickness. © 2014 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Performance Modeling and Analysis of the
Bottling System of a Beverage Industry
--Parveen Kumar and P C Tewari
This paper deals with the performance analysis of the bottling system of a beverage industry. Non-Carbonated Soft Drink Glass Bottle (NCSDGB) filling system was considered for the analysis. The line consists of seven subsystems, namely, Uncaser, Bottle Washer, Filling Machine, Pasteurizer, Cooling Tunnel, Crowner and Coding Machine. The system behavior is modeled using Markovian approach. To carry out the performance analysis, transition diagram of the system is drawn and various differential equations associated with it are derived. These equations are solved using normalizing conditions and recursive method to drive out the steady-state availability of the system, i.e., system’s performance criterion at different combinations of failure and repair rates of various subsystems. The results are helpful in the maintenance of the system and also in deciding the repair priorities of different subsystems. © 2014 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Development of MR Damper Modeling
and Its Experimental Validation
--S K Mangal, Ashwani Kumar and K D Chattopadhyay
An effective damper is required to give good performance over a wide range of vibrational frequencies. To achieve this, the damping coefficient of the damper must be variable. The Magneto-Rheological (MR) fluids are the fluids used in this type of dampers to achieve the objective. In this paper, a mathematical design of the MR damper is presented. For this, the magnetic circuit of the MR damper is designed and analyzed, which subsequently determines the damping force at different magnetic fields applied to it. The magnetic field can be controlled by the current input given to the electromagnet. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on ANSYS platform is carried out to obtain magnetic flux density in the working space of the damper. The damping force of the FEM model is determined for the damper. Lastly, these two models are validated experimentally in terms of damping force at various input current levels. For this purpose, a prototype of the MR damper is fabricated and tested in the newly setup vibration control laboratory of the department. A comparative analysis of the three models shows that the maximum percentage error in the damping force is within the 12% level with the experimental one and thus validates the mathematical and FEM modeling. The results obtained will be helpful for the automobile designers to create more efficient and reliable MR dampers and also to predict its damping force characteristics. © 2014 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Computation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness
in Connecting Rod Manufacturing Operations
--S S Sonigra and M N Qureshi
The paper presents a method to compute Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) in connecting rod manufacturing operations. The OEE sheet also enables companies to get a quick assessment of their operations performance. The OEE sheet is a powerful tool to assess the current and future state of enterprise operations. This sheet is employed in leading connecting rod manufacturing industries to provide decision makers with sufficient input to identify improvement targets and revise the ongoing operations strategy. The use of OEE sheet is demonstrated in one example considered from a reputed connecting rod manufacturing company, and some insights are extracted and mentioned regarding the applicability of the sheet for different types of manufacturing processes. © 2014 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Sliding Wear Behavior of HVOF Sprayed Abradable Coating
--Bharat Atray, Ajay Malik and Atul Raj
In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate the performance of Al-SI/40 polyester abradable coating under the sliding condition. The abradable coating is produced by using a High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. The specimen preparation and the experimentation are carried out according to the ASTM G99 standards. Wear tests are performed using a pin-on-disc type wear tester within the load range 20-70 N, sliding speed range 0.2-2 m/s and sliding distance 1000-5000m. Splat tips on the contact surface are responsible for high wear rates at low speeds and high loads. Wear rates of the coating decreased with increasing sliding speed and increased with increasing load. The optimum combination of parameters and their levels for obtaining minimum wear rate are also found using Design of Experiment (DOE) technique. The obtained results are shown in the form of graphs describing how the wear rate of the coating occurs. Further, in order to analyze the percentage contribution of different wears parameters, ANOVA is used. The results show that the sliding speed has the highest influence, i.e., 70.92%, and the load has 28.45% of contribution on the wear behavior. © 2014 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
The Effect of Temperature and Total Solid
on Biomethanation of Sugarcane Bagasse
--Manjula Das Ghatak and P Mahanta
Sugarcane bagasse has emerged as an alternative for the production of renewable fuels such as biogas from anaerobic digestion. In relation to the biogas production rate, Total Solid (TS) of feedstock and digestate temperature are the two important factors which affect the biogas production significantly. In the present paper, laboratory level experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of temperature and TS on the biogas generation from lignocellulosic biomass such as sugarcane bagasse. Firstly, the gas production rate was studied under controlled temperature environment with TS concentration of 6%, 9% and 12%. Secondly, the effect of temperature on biogas production was studied and the digesters were maintained at constant temperature of 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C and 55 °C. The present study shows that under controlled environment, biogas production is the highest with 9% TS concentration. It is also seen that temperature plays a significant role in biogas production by anaerobic digestion. © 2014 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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