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The IUP Journal of Audit Practice

April '09
Focus

Corporate frauds, bankruptcies, and unemployment have more or less become the order of the day. Economic downturn is believed to add fuel to these. The risk of frauds is heightened during the recession

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IT Audit Approaches for Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
A Comparison of Earnings Management Patterns Between Private Listed Companies and State Owned Enterprises: Evidence from an Emerging Market
Questioning the Big 4 Audit Quality Assumption: New Evidence from Malaysia
Audit Quality and Equity Liquidity: Case of the Listed Tunisian Firms
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IT Audit Approaches for Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

-- Richard G Brody and Grover Kearns

Auditors operating in an ERP environment face special challenges, many of which they may not be fully equipped to face. Given the litigious environment, in which the auditors operate and the growth of technology in many companies, auditors must be prepared to effectively deal with the risks presented by ERP systems. The purpose of this paper is to address auditing issues that are specific to audits, involving clients with an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The focus is on the risks and internal controls in an electronic environment. The paper reviews the literature in the ERP area as it relates to audits and covers the special issues that auditors face in an ERP environment. Suggestions are provided for controlling risks in these complex environments. The guidance provided will aid auditors, who come across the unique and complex environment created by the use of an ERP system. This will be a very valuable tool for practicing auditors.

A Comparison of Earnings Management Patterns Between Private Listed Companies and State Owned Enterprises: Evidence from an Emerging Market

-- Arvind Patel, Pranil Prasad and Dharmendra Naidu

This paper explores the Earnings Management (EM) patterns in public companies and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Fiji. The modified Jones model is used to measure the magnitude and direction of EM in the listed companies and the SOEs. Results indicate that SOEs practice higher negative earnings management while the private entities practice higher positive earnings management.

Questioning the Big 4 Audit Quality Assumption: New Evidence from Malaysia

-- Tyrone M Carlin, Nigel Finch and Nur Hidayah Laili

Audit quality can be defined as relating to the probability that financial statements contain no material omissions or misstatements. Previous research on the subject of audit quality relies on the assumption that large audit firms (Big 4) are homogenous in providing higher audit quality than small audit firms (non-Big 4). However, there is little evidence in extant literature supportive of quality differentials between Big 4 firms, except that the collapse of Arthur Anderson certainly undermines this assertion that large auditors are associated with higher audit quality. In this study, we develop a methodology to distinguish audit quality among Big 4 audit firms and attempt to question the homogenous audit quality assumption. In exploring this theme, this paper examines the audited disclosures made during the transition period under Financial Reporting Standards 136—Impairment of Assets (the Malaysian equivalent to IAS 36) of a sample of large Malaysian listed corporations, each of whom have engaged Big 4 auditors. The results of this study are alarming, finding systemic failure on the part of Big 4 auditors in Malaysia to comply with even the most basic elements of the FRS 136 disclosure framework in relation to goodwill impairment testing.

Audit Quality and Equity Liquidity: Case of the Listed Tunisian Firms

-- Faten Hakim and Abdelwahed Omri

This paper examines the association between bid-ask spread, a market-based measure of information asymmetry, and the quality of the external audit in the Tunisian capital market. Our results show that the bid-ask spread is negatively related to the employment of an industry specialist auditor and Big 4 auditor and positively related to audit firm tenure. However, further tests refine those conclusions, in that the positive association between tenure and bid-ask spread differs between specialist and non-specialist auditors and between Big 4 and non-Big 4 auditors. Specifically, we find that bid-ask spread is increasing in tenure for non-specialist and non-Big 4 clients. These findings are consistent with a market that perceives audit quality diminishing with tenure for non-specialist auditors and non-Big 4 auditors and a market that finds audit quality increasing with industryspecialization and Big 4 auditors.

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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