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The IUP Journal of Management Reserch
Focus

This issue includes papers on working capital management with reference to the listed retail domestic companies in Botswana, the relationship between organizational role stress and life satisfaction levels among women employees, an empirical study of the relationship between behavioral motives and entrepreneurial intentions, people orientation in Indian chemical industry, and strategy building for utilizing unparalleled growth potential in the Indian hotel industry.

Working capital management is very important because a company that neglects its working capital management will soon run out of cash and may even have to close down. C R Sathyamoorthi and L B Wally-Dima in the paper, "Working Capital Management: The Case of Listed Retail Domestic Companies in Botswana", analyze the working capital management of retail domestic companies that are listed on the Botswana Stock Exchange. The authors find that the listed companies adopted a conservative approach in the management of their working capital and suggest that working capital policy is not static overtime but varies with the changes in the state of the economy.

It is widely believed that those holding service-oriented jobs, which involve a direct interaction with customers, are prone to relatively greater stress levels. These stress levels are more overwhelming in the case of women employees due to the greater need among them to strike a balance between their personal and professional lives. Madhuri Modekurti and Rachana Chattopadhyay in the paper, "The Relationship Between Organizational Role Stress and Life Satisfaction Levels Among Women Employees: An Empirical Study", attempt to capture the relationship between organizational role stress and life satisfaction levels among nurses who are involved in intense organizational work climates like hospitals. The authors also measure the stress and life satisfaction levels of women employees who work under relatively less intense organizational work climates.

The GDP growth of any country depends on the performance of its industries and employment generation. Hence, the importance of providing entrepreneurial education in B-schools. The trend in B-schools is slowly changing from winning placements to creating ventures and entrepreneurs. Soumya Gaddam in the paper, "Identifying the Relationship Between Behavioral Motives and Entrepreneurial Intentions: An Empirical Study Based on the Perceptions of Business Management Students", identifies the underlying dimensions of entrepreneurial intentions through a factor analysis and creates factors which are perceived to be of entrepreneurial importance by MBA students.

Indian chemical industry possesses a well-built and diversified base with its operations in many areas such as pharmaceuticals, insecticides and pesticides, and paints. The growth rate of this industry is comparatively higher than all other manufacturing sectors in India. Kunal Gaurav in the paper, "People Orientation in Indian Chemical Industry: A Qualitative Investigation", aims at understanding the focus of top level management towards people orientation in the Indian chemical industry. The author analyzes the annual reports of the top 20 companies from Indian chemical industry in order to generate codes, categories, and finally themes, which bring out the focus of the top level management towards people orientation.

The Indian hospitality sector is witnessing one of its rare sustained growth trends. Demand has outpaced supply leading to a hike in the occupancy rate as well as Average Room Rates (ARRs). In the paper, "Indian Hotel Industry - Strategy Building for Utilizing Unparalleled Growth Potential", the authors Subhasis Ray and Amit Teckchandani analyze the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the Indian hotel industry. The authors also identify the key factors driving the growth and major hindrances relating to the industry. The authors suggest the formulation of strategies at the government level as well as private players' level, keeping in view the growth potential and competition from international players such as Amanda, Satinwoods, Banana Tree, Hampton Inns, Hilton and Mandarin Oriental.

- T R K Rao
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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