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Water Resource Development Study for a Limestone Mining Area
-- S K Chaulya
A water resource development study was carried out on a limestone mining area
located in the Madukkarai block of Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu state in
India. The study covers the assessment of water resources for the present and
future, water balance status and formulation of a management and conservation
strategy for the area. Madukkarai block was considered as an influencing zone,
which extends over an area of 249.16 km2. There is no perennial river
in the study area and the annual average rainfall is only 590 mm. The groundwater
is generally potable. Annual utilizable groundwater resource available in the
area is 41.50 million m3 (Mm3) and the present annual
groundwater requirement is 38.44 Mm3, whereas the annual requirement
for various uses in the year 2010 and 2020 would be around 41.62
and 45.07 Mm3, respectively. This problem of water scarcity in the
region has to be mitigated by immediate initiation of suitable short- and long-term
water supply augmentation strategies for enhancing the groundwater recharge.
To reduce the heavy surface runoff loss and enhance the groundwater recharge
capacity of the area, suitable water retaining structures should be constructed.
The recharge zones and recharging techniques are identified for artificial recharge
of aquifers. Inter-basin transfer of water is also required to artificially
recharge the aquifers for augmentation of the groundwater potential of the area
so as to meet the future needs.
©2009 IUP . All Rights Reserved.
Seasonal Effects of Temperature, Rainfall, pH, Conductivity,
TDS and TSS of Municipal Sewage (Untreated and Treated) on
the Water Quality of the Buckingham Canal at Kalpakkam,
Tamil Nadu
-- A Yudhistra Kumar and M Vikram Reddy
Temporal effects of untreated and treated sewage on the Temperature ( °C), pH, Conductivity
(ms/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in the water of the Buckingham canal
were monitored seasonally during the pre-monsoon 2005 to post-monsoon 2006 at Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu),
a small town on the east coast of the Indian
peninsula. The concentrations of pH, Conductivity, TDS
and TSS were higher in the untreated sewage input zone than that of the treated sewage input zone and
were more in the downstream than that of the upstream of the outfall points of both the treated, as well as
raw sewage of the canal. The concentration of these parameters, including temperature, were higher
during summer and lower during monsoon. Rainfall was higher during monsoon and lower during
summer. Cluster analysis based on these water quality similarities applied to the six sampling points of the
canal were grouped into two clustersone showing higher pollution level and the other, lower pollution level
of water.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Assessment of Groundwater Quantity and Quality in Coimbatore District
-- J Brema and G Prince Arulraj
The objective of the study is to assess the quantity and quality of groundwater
in the district of Coimbatore. Six years data from 1999-2004 has been used for
the study. The sample locations are widely distributed, covering all the 19
blocks of the district. The attribute database of groundwater quantity and quality
have been correlated using the Geographical Information System (GIS). Attribute
database was integrated with spatial locations map using ArcGis 9.1 and maps
showing the spatial distribution of water quality parameters were prepared.
Using these maps, the quantity of water available in the aquifer has been assessed
using the water level fluctuation before and after monsoon. Results indicate
that there is correlation between the recharge and quality of groundwater .
© 2009. IUP . All Rights Reserved.
Productivity and Soil Quality as Affected by Anthropogenic Activities in
Mixed Sub-Catchment in N-E Tract of Punjab, India
-- M S Hadda, K B Thapa, M Vashistha and Sanjay Arora
Erosion process in the submontane N-E tract of Punjab is caused due to natural,
as well as anthropogenic factors including deforestation, overgrazing and burning.
Such interventions affect the physical and chemical properties of soil and its
productivity. Therefore, site-specific investigations are needed to identify
suitable indicators affecting the soil quality and productivity. The study was
conducted at the Zonal Research Station for Kandi Area, Ballowal-Saunkhari,
Hoshiarpur district, Punjab, India, with a view to assess the soil productivity
in relation to the physical and chemical parameters and to group the measured
soil data into a few principal components to explain the variability in the
physical and chemical parameters of the soil. The main treatments imposed in
the area are fencing and non-fencing, replicated thrice. The soil samples were
collected from the surface layers for analysis both from the fenced and non-fenced
areas. The Pearson's correlations were computed exhibiting relationship between
Productivity Index (PI) and various physical and chemical parameters for both
fenced and non-fenced treatments. The study demonstrated that under fenced situations,
maximum resilience was shown by soils by improvement in the organic carbon,
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), available potassium and penetration resistance.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Status of Trees and Soils in an Agroforestry
System in Leye, Philippines
-- Chime G Mora and Victor B Asio
The use of native rain forest tree species in agroforestry systems is relatively
new. In order to know the most suitable native tree species as well as exotic
and fruit tree species, for use in such land use systems, there is a need to
understand their nutrient requirements and effects on the soil. The study compared
the levels of N, P, and K in native tree species, exotic tree species and fruit
trees growing in acidic and calcareous agroforestry sites, and evaluated differences
in nutrient status of soils under the three types of tree species. The tree
species sampled included: Gmelina arborea, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tectona grandis for the exotic species; Dipterocarpus validus, Dracontomelon dao and Pterocarpus indicus for the
native species, and Artocarpus heterophyllus, Chrysophyllum cainito, Persea americana, and Sandoricum koetjape for the fruit trees. Composite soil and leaf samples were collected for nutrient
analysis. Results revealed that no clear differences in the effects of the tree
species on soil nutrient status although the exotic species tended to slightly
lower soil organic matter content than the other species. P. indicus had generally high N, P, K leaf concentrations, while T. grandis had
low concentrations. G. arborea showed relatively high P and K
leaf levels while all the fruit trees gave high K leaf levels. There were no
consistent differences in the leaf N, P, K contents between the exotic, native,
and fruit trees when the nutrients were considered individually. However, when
their ratios were calculated, there appeared to be some differences among them.
In general, the exotic species tended to have lower N : P ratios, whereas the
native species and fruit trees tended to have higher N : K and K : P ratios,
respectively.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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May '09
