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Articles |
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In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid
on Karnal Bunt (Neovossia indica) Resistance in Wheat
--Veena Chawla, Subhash Kashayp, Neelam R Yadav,
Sandeep Kumar and R K Behl
Methyl jasmonate (MJ) (10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 M) and Salicylic Acid (SA) (1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM)
were injected into wheat ear heads of a Karnal Bunt (KB) susceptible (HD 2329) and a
resistant (WH 283) genotype at boot leaf stage, 24 h before (pretreatment) and 24 h after
(posttreatment) inoculations with Karnal bunt pathogen. Karnal bunt incidence was quite
high (28.35%) in susceptible genotype HD 2329 under conditions of artificial infection. Pre/
posttreatment of ear heads with methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid reduced the disease
development in this genotype. To study the effect of pre/posttreatments of methyl jasmonate
and salicylic acid in vitro conditions, 15, 18 and 21-day-old embryos of both the genotypes
were co-cultured with N. indica in petri plates. Application of methyl jasmonate was not only
effective in early induction of Inhibition Zone (IZ) (i.e., in 15-day-old embryos) but significantly
increased the percentage of inhibition zone forming embryos and also the diameter of
inhibition zone in co-culturing. Both pre and posttreatments of inoculated ear heads of WH
283 genotype with salicylic acid could induce inhibition zone formation in co-culturing of
pathogen and embryos at 18 Days After Pollination (DAP). Five mM solution of salicylic acid
was the most effective for inducing higher frequency of inhibition zone formation, but 10
mM solution of salicylic acid was the most effective for bigger size of inhibition zone in coculturing
at 21 days after pollination. Thus, both methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid were
able to induce resistance both in vivo and in vitro conditions in the present experiment.
However, to see the feasibility of using these chemicals at larger scale, spraying on developing
ear-heads is yet to be observed.
© 2011 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Efficacy of Insecticides on Pink Bollworm Infesting Bt Cotton
--Santhosh Kumar K, Shivanna B K, Manjunatha M, Harish Babu S,
Raghunath B V, Soumya B R and Shilpa M E
In general, the insecticide treated plots performed significantly better than control for all the
parameters against pink bollworm. Pink bollworm larval population on bolls was significantly
less on all the treated plots than control. Three days after treatment, minimum number of
larvae was recorded in novaluron, thiodicarb and spinosad as against the higher number of
larvae registered in NSKE. Significantly, the highest number of larvae per 20 bolls was observed
in control. However, the same trend was followed even at seven days after treatment also. Pink
bollworm damage on green bolls was significantly less on all the treated plots than control.
Three days after treatment, lowest green boll damage was recorded in thiodicarb, spinosad
and lambda cyhalothrin, whereas the highest green boll damage was registered in control
and was significantly different from NSKE. Seven days after treatment, the same trend was
followed. Significantly, higher numberof Good Opened Bolls (GOBs) were recorded inspinosad,
novaluron, indoxacarb, thiodicarb andlambda cyhalothrin than control, whereas minimum
GOBs per plant were recorded in NSKE. Among the treatments, minimum Bad Opened Bolls
(BOBs) per plant were recorded in spinosad, novaluron and thiodicarb, as against the higher
number of BOBs per plant recorded in NSKE. Locule damage due to pink bollworm was
significantly less in treated plots, viz., spinosad, thiodicarb and indoxacarb than control.
Maximum locule damage was registered in NSKE, but significantly different over control.
Significantly higher yield of seed cotton was recorded in spinosad (1935.20 kg/ha) and
indoxacarb (1909.83 kg/ha), followed by thiodicarb (1890.10 kg/ha), novaluron (1866.73 kg/
ha) and lambda cyhalothrin (1802.17 kg/ha) than control (968.60 kg/ha), whereas NSKE
recorded lower seed cotton yield (1507.27 kg/ha).
© 2011 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Dual Grading in Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata [Thunb.] Ohwi and H Ohashi)
-- Srimathi P and Kumaran K
Grading is an important post-harvest operation where the seeds are homogenized based
on size, weight and color to upgrade the quality of the seeds. Rice bean is one of the
underutilized crops with hidden multipurpose utility. Hence, studies were carried out to
upgrade the quality of seeds through sequential dual grading using size and color of the
seeds. The seeds were size-graded using BSS 5 5, 6 6 and 7 7 wire mesh sieves and each
of the size grades was further graded based on color as yellowish green, light brown and
brown and were evaluated for the seed and seedling quality characters. The results revealed
that the seeds size-graded using BSS 5 5 recorded the maximum seed quality characters
in terms of germination and vigor, but it was on a par with BSS 6 6 which recorded the
maximum recovery. Further, grading based on the color revealed that yellowish green
seeds of both BSS 5 5 and 6 6 sieve recorded the highest germination of 90%, though the
recovery was only 10 and 8%. Hence in rice bean, this type of dual grading could be adopted
for nuclear and breeder seed production where seeds are to be with higher initial quality.
But for commercial seed production both yellowish green and light brown seeds retained
in grade BSS 6 6 (includes BSS 5 5 retained sieve) could be selected as the recovery of
seed would be more than 80% combined with seed quality characters which were higher
with these dual grading.
© 2011 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Study of Growth Pattern of Cattle Under Different Climatic Conditions
--Surendra Singh, A K Paul, K N Singh and Ashok Kumar
Different sigmoidal nonlinear growth models were fitted in the growth data of triple cross
(Friesian×Sahiwal×Hariana) breed and double cross (Friesian×Sahiwal) breed at Agra and
Dehradun farms which have different climatic conditions. On the basis of minimum RMSE,
the Gompertz model was found to be the best fit. The estimates of growth rates and maturity
weights of Friesian×Sahiwal×Hariana breed were considered better under homoscedastic
and heteroscedastic error conditions at the Agra farm. Similarly, the growth rates and
maturity weights of Friesian×Sahiwal breed were better at the Agra farm, as compared to
the Dehradun farm. Therefore, it may be concluded that the climate of Agra (plain area) was
more suitable for both the breeds for attaining the maturity weight, as compared to Dehradun
(hilly area).
© 2011 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Immunocontraception – A Possibility from Sperm Antigens
and Their Genetic Basis: A Review
-- V Venugopal Rao
There is an ongoing research in the identification of sperm antigens related to fertilization
because the Antisperm Antibodies (ASA) may be a reason of infertility in some individuals
which may affect the pre- as well as post-fertilization stages of the reproductive process.
This phenomenon is being exploited to develop a vaccine that is immunocontraceptive for
effective prevention of fertilization leading to unwanted pregnancy, which offers an attractive
approach to the growing global problem of overpopulation. Genetic mechanisms in the
determination of antigens, thereby eliciting immune response leading to prevention of
fertilization and development, are understood thoroughly, helping in the construction of
cDNA library and production of recombinant vaccines.
© 2011 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Junk DNA: An Evolutionary Trash or Nature’s Best Bequest?
-- Sumitra Pithawala, Mistry Dhruti and Meonis Pithawala
The term junk DNA has been racking the brain of scientists, novelists, ecologists, evolutionists
and lay readers since it was coined. Till date, on the basis of all information gathered about
its probable, virtual and undiscovered functions, a concurrent explanation about everything
and nothing is gained. The present review is a confab of information about the so-called
‘JUNK DNA’ which has been considered by many for years as a sloppy evolutionary process,
a redundant and ridiculous DNA, a molecular vituperative trash, and a selfish DNA on prima
facie evidence, or recently a treasure trove of information molecules and super functionally
regulatory entity.
© 2011 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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