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The IUP Journal of Architecture

February '11
Focus

Rapid urbanization has forced the architects and planners to focus their attention towards the pressing contemporary issues our cities are facing. This has often been at the cost of losing the historical architectural heritage woven into our urban environments.

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Assessing the Physical Feature Attributes of French Architectural Style in the Contemporary Built Environment at Puducherry: A Lens Model Approach
Infill Proposals for Revival of Historic Urban Core of Kolkata
Integral Design Instead of Integrative Design Between Engineering and Architecture
The Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Innovativeness of Malaysian Housing Developers
What is The Future and Vision of Architectural Education
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Assessing the Physical Feature Attributes of French Architectural Style in the Contemporary Built Environment at Puducherry: A Lens Model Approach

-- K Thirumaran and A Meenatchi Sundaram

This paper aims at revealing the physical attributes of the design which a potential to manifest the contemporary French architectural style at urban level at Puducherry. In pursuit of this, Brunswik's Lens model is applied to make the assessment. This study investigated: (1) To what extent the distal cues have the potential in manifesting the French architectural characteristics among the contemporary built environment in Puducherry; (2) to what extent the proximal cues have the potential in manifesting the French architectural characteristics among the contemporary built environment in Puducherry; and (3) what is the combined effect of both proximal and distal cues in manifesting the French architectural characteristics among the contemporary built environment in Puducherry. The studies were conducted from selected nine urban setting streets in puducherry where contemporary built environment was existing. Data collected from 251 respondents by questionnaire and interview methods were analyzed and applied in the Lens model for assessing the overall effect of the physical attributes in manifesting the French architectural characteristics. As per our findings, revealed that proximal cues have stronger potential in manifesting the French style and the combined effect of both the proximal and distal cues would become a key factor while arriving at a framework of guidelines for future development in order to keep up the connection of French style in Puducherry.

Infill Proposals for Revival of Historic Urban Core of Kolkata

-- Satyaki Sarkar

The Dalhousie Square of Kolkata later named Binoy-Badal-Dinesh (BBD) Bagh is one area of the city which has been termed the historic urban core. Within this historic urban core, there exist numerous areas which are under severe stress in terms of loss of historical character, rupture of historic fabric and tremendous economic pressure trying to make an indentation into the historicity of the area. There also exist numerous buildings of historical importance which are under bad state of preservation and utilization, many of which are also dilapidated. This paper takes a look at one of the few identified areas within the historic urban core and proposes sensitive infill which intends to establish the approach towards construction of historically sensitive buildings such that the thriving historicity of the area may be maintained on the one hand but on the other more economy may be generated adhering to the existing municipal byelaws.

Integral Design Instead of Integrative Design Between Engineering and Architecture

-- Wim Zeiler

Design is currently understood as a highly complex process that requires the support of multidisciplinary design teams. In a recent work at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, in order to aid this multidisciplinary process, a supportive design approach. Integral Design (ID) has been developed. ID combines an engineering design method with an innovation strategy, thus creating new possibilities for reflection in action for building design. This synthesis between architectural concept and engineering functionality is, as such, a good example of integrative design. The ID process approach results in transparency of the design steps and the design decisions. Within this approach, during the design process the prescriptive methodology of ID, guided by the logic of C-K theory, is used as a framework for reflection on the design process itself. Morphological Overviews (MO), which are produced by combining morphological charts, provides a tool to structure and give an overview of the communication and reflection between design team members, while C-K theory supplies the theoretical framework for the reflection on the ID itself as an example of ID.

The Relationship Between Organizational Structure and Innovativeness of Malaysian Housing Developers

-- A M Kamaruddeen, Y Nor Aini and I Said

Previous research has shown that several aspects of firm characteristics such as structure, culture, size, and operational location will influence innovativeness of an organization. Underpinned by readiness change theory and using a valid and reliable instrument, a pilot survey was conducted to examine the statistical relationships between organizational structure and firm innovativeness of housing developers in Penang, Malaysia. The regression analysis shows that formalization is statistically significant and negatively relates with information technology innovativeness. Formalization and centralization have no statistically significant relationship with product, process and business system innovativeness. The authors suggest that the result could have been influenced by the small number of respondents. It is therefore concluded that based on the results of the analysis, organizational structure will not influence firm overall innovativeness of housing developers in Penang.

What is The Future and Vision of Architectural Education

-- Michael Brazley and Merry Renate' Brazley

The famous book of Boyer and Mitgang (1996), Building Community: A New Future for Architecture Education and Practice, has become the text for architectural education. They argue that architectural education lacked a sense of purpose in connecting the profession to the current problems of society. `Building Community' summarizes the goals of a design education as: helping students to develop the skills and competency to work within the realities of the profession; preparing graduates to be able to adapt to the changing needs of the society; and assisting students in developing their own analytical framework to envision and build a better environment and community. Boyer and Mitgang contend that urban-based design studios through research should be addressing the real issues of our society: the destruction of community, crime, homelessness, and urban decay. They also argue that architecture schools should take a leadership role in preserving the planet's resources and environment by teaching sustainable architectural design and using `real life' studio problems. This study examines the role of architectural studio in the post-Katrina reconstruction of the Lower 9th Ward community. Survey data found that a majority of the students developed an understanding of the urban design and sustainability, and were of the view that architectural studio should act as an advocate for underrepresented communities, and agreed that there was value in the `interaction between studio and community'.

 
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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