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GATS in Higher Education
Changing Scenario in the Higher Education Sector and GATS: The Indian Experience
-- Debarati Chatterjee
General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) was included as an integral part of WTO
(World Trade Organization) on January 1, 1995 as an effort to integrate services into the legal structure
of international trade. The introduction of GATS in Education services has forced many countries
to make changes in their higher education systems in order to face global competition. India is
also taking some necessary measures to standardize its higher education sector. This article not
only examines the restructuring of the Indian higher education sector in the recent times, but also
analyzes the potentiality of this sector and its major competitors, in the context of GATS.
© 2009 The Federation of Universities. All Rights Reserved.
Entrepreneurship and Higher Education
Entrepreneurship Methodologies
in Higher Education: An Experience
in a Portuguese Business School
-- Pedro Dominguinhos, Luísa Carvalho,
Teresa Costa, and Raquel Pereira
Today, entrepreneurship education is essential to improve the process of creating new firms,
assuming new risks and rewards. The theoretical discussion around the question: `Entrepreneurs are
born or made?' is whether it is possible to educate people to be entrepreneurs. Schools have an
important role in this process. Believing in this possibility, our business school developed a set of
pedagogical methodologies supported by apprenticeship, based on `learning by doing'. This pedagogical
methodology was created through a study of best practices. This study aims to propose a set of
innovative methodologies and students perceptions' about their apprenticeship experience/process. The
study concludes with a set of recommendations and a best practices manual, useful for appliance in
higher education.
© 2009 The Federation of Universities. All Rights Reserved.
Foreign Institutions and Higher Education
Higher Education in India: Setting
the Stage for Foreign Institutions
-- Rohan Mukherjee
Historically, foreign participation has had an unimpressive record and has faced numerous
functional and ideological barriers. However, subtle changes are emerging in the government's views on
the subject. The ability of the foreign universities to take advantage of these changes will depend to
a great extent on their intentions, vis-à-vis the scale and duration of their involvement.
Ultimately, institutions that envision a symbiotic relationship with the Indian educational system are most
likely to succeed in entering and thriving in the domestic market.
© 2009 The Federation of Universities. All Rights Reserved.
Corruption and American Higher Education
Investigating Corruption in American Higher Education: The Methodology
-- Ararat L Osipian
Higher education in the US may be characterized by the complexity and plurality of forms of
organization, governance, management, financing, and property. Higher education institutions serve the
industry. In this sense, community colleges are not less linked to businesses than major research
universities. Financial flows in the higher education industry, including educational loans, governmental
grants, and returns on endowments are plentiful. As in any other industry, organizational complexity,
unclear nature of the final product, and significant financial flows serve as necessary grounds for
corruption. Few authors address corruption in the US higher education industry. Their works often lack
cohesive theoretical frameworks, synthesis, and carefully thought out policy implications, but nevertheless
would be of high interest for policymakers, managers, and theorists. Policymakers, university
administrators, and business managers will appreciate good description of forms of cooperation of industries
and universities as well as problems that such cooperation creates or exacerbates and some of the
prescriptions, offered by the authors, whereas theorists will find wealth of material on which to build
some concepts and theories of social and ethical responsibility versus commercialization and perhaps
even some interesting niches for possible corrupt activities in higher education.
© 2009 The Federation of Universities. All Rights Reserved.
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