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Journals >>
Management
The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development

Sep-Dec '09
Articles

Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship: A Tool for Integration Among Immigrant Women?

-- Saeid Abbasian and Carina Bildt

The study investigates whether entrepreneurship among immigrant women in Sweden may be a way to achieve integration in working life and thereby increase their empowerment. Sixteen female entrepreneurs were interviewed. They started their businesses for a number of reasons: unemployment, lack of suitable jobs and career possibilities, discrimination and forced privatization, desire for personal development, independence and freedom, or work within one's own field of interest. It was concluded that entrepreneurship can be a tool for increasing empowerment among educated immigrant women.

© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.

Entrepreneurship of Young Migrants Across Mediterranean Borders

-- Luisa Mengoni

The Mediterranean countries, with their specific sociocultural identities, are facing a process of huge and wider integration due to immigration of laborers from other countries. Among the integration mechanisms, migration, especially of young people, represents a crucial tool for changing the Euro-Mediterranean societies and a means of transferring and mobilizing resources across national boundaries. From the sending countries' perspective, migration experience in Europe, especially for young people that face problems of unemployment and difficulties in acquiring competences and skills at home, offers a unique opportunity of training, of knowledge transfer and brain circulation. Migration in Europe becomes a development tool when financial and social remittances (namely ideas, practices, identities) sent back home by the migrants have significant effect in transforming economies, lives and values of recipient countries. For the host countries temporary migrants can be beneficial to solve market imbalances and to provide examples of different ways of conducting business activities. The paper aims at providing an overview of actual flows of young people across the Mediterranean with particular relevance to human capital (skills and abilities) and entrepreneurial functions. Some evidence will be drawn from returnees of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries as they provide interesting examples of these dynamics.

© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved

An Empirical Analysis of the Link Between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth in West Virginia

-- Maribel N Mojica, Tesfa G Gebremedhin and Peter V Schaeffer

Entrepreneurship variables constructed from county-level proprietorship and firm birth data were included in an endogenous growth model to determine the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth in West Virginia. The empirical estimates using Weighted Least Squares (WLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regressions generally show empirical evidence regarding the positive contribution of entrepreneurial activity to economic growth. Counties with more proprietors and business start-ups exhibited higher growths in population and employment growth compared to less entrepreneurial counties. However, none of the entrepreneurship variables used in the study is statistically significant in determining per capita income growth.

© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.

The Cultural Dimensions of the Vietnamese Private Entrepreneurship

-- Vuong Quan Hoang and Tran Tri Dung

This paper examines the influence of cultural and socioeconomic factors on the growth of enterpreneurship in Vietnam. Traditional cultural values continue to have a strong impact on the Vietnamese society, and to a large extent adversely affect the entrepreneurial spirit of the community. Typical constraints private entrepreneurs face may have roots in the cultural facet as legacy of the Confucian society like relationship-based bank credit. Low quality business education is both a victim and culprit of the long-standing tradition that looks down on the role of private entrepreneurship in the country.

© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.

CASE STUDY

Mahindra & Mahindra (B): An Emerging Global Giant?

-- Vandana Jayakumar and Vara Vasanthi

© 2009 IBSCDC. All Rights Reserved.

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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