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Progress
of Female Entrepreneurs in Low-income Countries: A Theoretical
Enquiry in India
--
Piyali
Ghosh and Reena Cheruvalath
Female
entrepreneurs are increasingly being considered to be an
important catalyst for economic growth and development,
as they contribute substantially to employment generation
and, therefore, female entrepreneurship has become an interesting
area of research. This paper furthers the research done
in this field by making a theoretical study of the current
status of female entrepreneurs in low-income countries,
taking the instance of India. It discusses several challenges
to women entrepreneurs, including the level of education,
inter-role conflicts emanating out of greater parenting
responsibilities, dearth of financial assistance and socio-cultural
constraints. This paper also suggests some solutions to
overcome the barriers faced by female entrepreneurs. These
include giving female entrepreneurs proper training, developing
an entrepreneurial attitude in them, attributional augmenting,
understanding their entrepreneurial motivation, extending
financial assistance to them through means like micro-credit
and, most importantly, removing the discriminating social
customs imposed on them. Considering India as a case in
point among the low-income countries, this study may help
in a better understanding of female entrepreneurs in general.
It aims at facilitating the spread of entrepreneurial education
and training among women, and may lead to further research
in this area.
©
2006 Piyali Ghosh and Reena Cheruvalath. All Rights Reserved.
Cyber
Café Business in Varanasi and Lucknow: Entrepreneurial
Characteristics of Youths Entering the Business
--
A
Sahay* and S K Rai**
IT
industry has emerged as one of the fastest growing industries
in India after the adoption of the new economic policy.
Internet revolution has changed the traditional way of doing
business. In contrast to traditional research on entrepreneurship,
it was thought to examine the entrepreneurial profile in
Internet-related business which is a new and vibrant area
for start-up businesses. The empirical analysis using SPSS
software brought out the shifting patterns of entrepreneurial
mix in the society. Contrary to the earlier belief that
entrepreneurship is a hereditary quality dominated by Vaisya
or trading community, Brahmins were found to lead the pack
in both Varanasi and Lucknow as far as the business of Cyber
café was concerned. The study further reveals that
entrepreneurial effort depends on social factors as well,
such as education, family background, caste, unemployment,
level of motivation, etc.
©
2006 A Sahay and S K Rai. All Rights Reserved.
Is
There Really a value in entrepreneurship education?
--
Andy
Adcroft, Spinder Dhaliwal and Robert Willis
This
paper considers whether entrepreneurship education has a
value outside of the educational institutions in which it
takes place. The paper takes an indirect form of enquiry
and argues that entrepreneurship education is driven by
three factors: the growing emphasis on supply side policy
interventions in the economy, the emphasis placed on the
agency of management in the growing literature on globalization,
and international reforms to public sector organizations.
The paper concludes that there is a tension between the
activity as description and the activity as promotion and
until this tension is resolved it is unlikely that there
will be clarity about the value of this form of education.
©
2005 Andy Adcroft, Spinder Dhaliwal and Robert Willis. All
Rights Reserved. This research paper was first published
in European Business Review, Vol. 17, Issue 6. Reprinted
with Permission.
Social
Entrepreneurship: Pattern-changing Entrepreneurs and the
Scaling of Social Impact
--
David
A Sherman
This
paper presents findings from an investigation of pattern-changing
social entrepreneurs. We examined the efforts of fifteen
entrepreneurs and sought to understand the factors that
enable successful ones to scale their social impact. All
the entrepreneurs were operating in capital constrained
environments and scaling required overcoming funding constraints.
The findings indicate that pattern-changing social entrepreneurs
are more concerned with scaling their impact than with growing
their enterprises. Hence, many were pursuing both direct
scaling where they grew their own enterprises and indirect
scaling where they pursued impact through influencing other
organizations. Social entrepreneurship is not a linear process;
rather, it is one of discovery, evolution, growth, learning
and reinforcement. Most of the entrepreneurs began with
a unique and innovative idea and then "discovered"
through trial and error how to build a successful enterprise.
The findings indicate many similarities between social entrepreneurship
and profit-seeking entrepreneurship as characterized in
the empirical literature. Key differences include implications
of the social mission and resource acquisition for non-profit
entrepreneurs. Successful entrepreneurs were able to build
and access social and business networks in order to garner
financial, human, and other resources. They then developed
viable self-reinforcing resourcing and capability building
approaches built on principles of value exchange with partners,
funders, and customers. They delivered exceptional value
to partners and key stakeholders providing satisfaction
and building credibility and strong reputations. The most
successful social entrepreneurs discovered innovative ways
to improve the profitability and mission-focus of key activities
and once they had refined their model, they focused their
energies to exploit the opportunity and scale their impact.
A critical success factor for scale was moving from individual-level
skills to the building of core organizational-level competencies.
©
2006 David A Sherman. All Rights Reserved.
Case
Study
Wilbur
Ross: The Buyout King
-- Sireesha
and Sumit Kumar Chaudhuri
After
his MBA from Harvard, as an executive at Rothschild Inc.
for 25 years, Wilbur Ross has been a financial adviser to
creditors and stockholders of bankrupt companies like Texaco,
Eastern Airlines and Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV) steel. In 1998,
Fortune magazine named him as the `King of Bankruptcy'.
In 2000, Ross established his own private equity company,
W L Ross & Co. By late 2005, he was involved in the
restructuring of $200 bn worth of defaulted companies' assets
across the world. This case, while highlighting the entrepreneurial
zeal of Wilbur Ross, discusses how the English literature
graduate became one of the best-known turnaround financiers
in the US.
©
2006 IBC. All Rights Reserved.
Research
Summary
Allocation
and Productivity of Time in New Ventures of Female and Male
Entrepreneurs
©
2005 Ingrid Verheul, Martin Carree and Roy Thurik. All Rights
Reserved. IUP holds the copyright
for the Research Summary. |
